The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes Paper

Health information technologies have transformed significantly the provision of healthcare services in the modern world. Healthcare institutions are in a constant search for technologies that would enable them to achieve outcomes that include safety, efficiency, and quality in the patient care process. Healthcare providers, including nurses, have been tasked with the responsibility of selecting the best technologies for optimizing organizational outcomes. Sources of evidence that include journals and practice guidelines provide valuable data about effective technologies in healthcare. For instance, randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis provide highly reliable data on technology effectiveness in healthcare. Technologies such as telehealth have proven effective in chronic disease management. Healthcare institutions incorporate it in the care of diseases that include obesity, diabetes, and depression among others. Therefore, the purpose of thisni

Upaper is to explore evidence on the effectiveness of telehealth in diabetes management.

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Bibliography

Snoswell, C. L., Chelberg, G., De Guzman, K. R., Haydon, H. H., Thomas, E. E., Caffery, L. J., & Smith, A. C. (2021). The clinical effectiveness of telehealth: A systematic review of meta-analyses from 2010 to 2019.Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 1357633X211022907. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X211022907

The above study by Snoswell et al., (2021) is a systematic review of meta-analyses that were conducted to determine the evidence of clinical effectiveness of telehealth services in chronic disease management. The authors used meta-analyses conducted between 2010 and 2019 to ensure the accuracy of data. The meta-analyses were obtained from the Pretty Darn Quick-Evidence portal with a focus on the clinical effectiveness of telehealth. The search on the portal led to the identification of 38 meta-analyses that focused on telehealth use in cardiovascular disease, dermatology, endocrinology, neurology, nephrology, obstetrics, ophthalmology, psychiatry, and multidisciplinary care.

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The analysis of results showed that telehealth was effective across the different modalities under investigation. Telehealth was effective compared to usual care in the management of these conditions. The included meta-analysis also showed that telehealth is feasible for use in healthcare. Therefore, the lessons learned from this article include the fact that telehealth can be used in the effective management of diabetes. Its effectiveness can be seen from the enhanced outcomes in diabetes management compared to usual care.

Wu, C., Wu, Z., Yang, L., Zhu, W., Zhang, M., Zhu, Q., Chen, X., & Pan, Y. (2018).Evaluation of the clinical outcomes of telehealth for managing diabetes.Medicine, 97(43), e12962.https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000012962

The above study by Wu et al., (2018) is a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis that was conducted to compare the clinical outcomes of telehealth and usual care in diabetes management. The authors utilized articles that were obtained from databases that included PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE. The search strategy extended to the consideration of the reference tracking and related journals to increase the obtained articles. The selected articles must have been published between January 2005 and December 2017. The primary outcomes for the investigation included hemoglobin A1C levels with changes in blood pressure, body mass index, blood lipids, and quality of life being considered secondary outcomes. The search yielded 19 randomized controlled trials that were used in the study.

The analysis of data showed that telehealth was more effective than usual care in the management and control of glycemic index in diabetic patients. Telehealth was also promising in reducing the diastolic and systolic blood pressure levels. No benefits were identified in the control of body mass index. Telehealth also showed superior benefits to usual care in total cholesterol and improving the patients’ quality of life. The lesson learned from this study is that telehealth is effective in diabetes management compared to usual care. It has enhanced benefits that include glycemic control, reduction in blood pressure, and improvement in the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, its use should be considered to improve the treatment outcomes in diabetes.

Lee, P. A., Greenfield, G., & Pappas, Y. (2018). The impact of telehealth remote patient monitoring on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), 495. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3274-8

The above study by Lee et al., (2018) examined the effectiveness of telehealth interventions on glycemic control among adults suffering from type 2 diabetes. The study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials. The articles used for the study were obtained from databases that included MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, HMIC, and PsychINFO. The inclusion criteria for the articles included systematic reviews that were published between 1990 and 2016. Supplemental articles were obtained from the references of the relevant reviews. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility of the selected studies. The application of the developed inclusion criteria yielded 4 systematic reviews that reported 29 unique studies that related to the topic of research. Network and conventional pairwise meta-analyses were performed.

The results of the investigation showed that telehealth interventions led to significant improvements in HbA1c levels compared to the usual care. Telehealth interventions, including telephone-delivered interventions, produced the greatest effect followed by the internet blood glucose monitoring system and automatic transmission of shortmessages on blood glucose monitoring via mobile phone or telehealth unit. The analysis also showed telehealth to be cost-effective compared to usual care. Therefore, it can be learned from this review that telehealth is highly effective in facilitating glycemic control. Its effectiveness is incomparable to those seen in the usual care. Consequently, it should be considered for use in the provision of care to diabetic patients.

So, C. F., & Chung, J. W. (2018).Telehealth for diabetes self-management in primary healthcare: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 24(5), 356–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X17700552

The above study by So and Chung (2018)investigated the effectiveness of telehealth technology on diabetes control and self-management in healthcare settings. The study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence. The articles used were obtained from databases for randomized controlled trials. A developed inclusion and exclusion criterion was used to select the appropriate studies for the investigation. The search yielded 7 studies. Quality assessment and data extraction were done using standardized forms and checklists followed by a meta-analysis.

The results of this showed that telehealth use led to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin levels. The results also showed that telehealth result in a reduction in the two-hour post-meal glucose levels and self-management of diabetes among the participants. It can be learned from this study that telehealth promises to improve the treatment outcomes in diabetes patients. The technology improves glycated hemoglobin levels, self-management, and post-meal glucose levels. Therefore, healthcare providers may consider its use to improve the treatment outcomes of diabetes. It can also be used in managing other metabolic disorders.

Conclusion

Telehealth is a novel technology that has been adopted to improve treatment outcomes in patients suffering from different chronic conditions. The reviewed articles in this bibliography revealed that telehealth is highly effective in managing diabetes. The effectiveness can be seen from its incomparable outcomes to those of usual care. The reviewed articles have shown the feasibility of telehealth use in diabetes mellitus. They have demonstrated that telehealth results in outcomes that include reduction in glycated hemoglobin levels, blood pressure, and improvement in patients’ quality of life and cholesterol levels. The reviewed articles also show that telehealth interventions that include telephone-delivered interventions and internet blood glucose monitoring are effective in achieving the desired outcomes in diabetes management. Therefore, healthcare providers and institutions should encourage telehealth incorporation in diabetes management. They should also explore its use in the treatment of other chronic illnesses.

References

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Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

New technologyâ€”and the application of existing technologyâ€”only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research. The stakes are high, and new clinical systems need to offer evidence of positive impact on outcomes or efficiencies.
Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders formulate clinical system strategies. As these strategies are often based on technology trends, informaticists and others have then benefited from consulting existing research to inform their thinking.
In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.

To Prepare:

â€¢ Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
â€¢ Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as â€œthe use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.â€
â€¢ Identify and select 4 peer-reviewed research articles from your research.

The Assignment: (4-5 pages not including the title and reference page)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:
â€¢ Identify the 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
â€¢ Include an introduction explaining the purpose of the paper.
â€¢ Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.
â€¢ In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles.
â€¢ Use APA format and include a title page.

The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes Paper