NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

New technology—and the application of existing technology—only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research. The stakes are high, and new clinical systems need to offer evidence of positive impact on outcomes or efficiencies.

Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders formulate clinical system strategies. As these strategies are often based on technology trends, informaticists and others have then benefited from consulting existing research to inform their thinking.

In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.

To Prepare for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

• Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
• Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”
• Identify and select 5 peer-reviewed articles from your research.

The Assignment: (4-5 pages)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify the 5 peer-reviewed articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
• Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment; Literature Review Example Paper

Medication errors are considered one of the most common errors in clinical settings. The barcode medication administration (BCMA) technology has been advocated as an effective system to reduce medication errors.

However, controversial researchers argue that BCMA implementation does not necessarily eliminate administration or dispensing errors, and the system is only as good as the healthcare professionals using them. A gap exists in understanding whether the BCMA reduces administration errors, reducing patient harm.

The following is an annotated bibliography of four articles that examine the impact of BCMA on medication errors and reducing adverse drug effects.

Annotated Bibliography

Barakat, S., & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An evaluation of barcode patient and medication scanning on nursing workflow at a UK teaching hospital. Pharmacy, 8(3), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030148

Barakat, S., & Franklin (2020) stated that while BCMA is said to reduce medication error, there is missing data on its effect on nursing workflow. Thus, they researched to investigate BCMA’s impact on nursing activity. Data on nursing activity was conducted before and after BCMA implementation in two surgical wards with 24 beds.

Dispensed medication was stored in patient lockers, and stock medication was stored in lockable cabinets. BCMA was implemented in one ward, and the second one became a control group. Researchers found that the timeliness of medication administration did not improve with the implementation of BCMA. BCMA yielded active, positive patient identification, whereby all 43 patients’ identification was checked before drug administration, unlike in the non-BCMA ward, where only 74% were verified.

BCMA enabled positive medication verification, identifying 0.4% of medication errors. Efficiencies noted from the implementation of the BCMA included active, positive patient and medication identification. For instance, even if the patient was in ICU, the nurses could easily identify them to administer the correct medication.

This helped to reduce medication errors. Lessons learned from the article are that BCMA implementation may not decrease drug rotation but increases safety by allowing medication and patient verification. For instance, nurses may take the same amount of time to either identify patients manually using the BCMA. However, nurses’ chances of verifying every patient are low in non-BCMA wards.

Othman, E. H., & Darawad, M. W. (2020). Nurses’ compliance with barcode medication administration technology. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 38(5), 256- 262. https://doi.org/10.1097/cin.0000000000000591

The research aimed to assess the significance of using barcode medication administration technology on medication errors in the in-patient setting. The BCMA technology was implemented in fifty in-patient nursing units between September 2008 to 0ctober 2010. During the study, 500,000 medications were dispensed every month.

Medication errors decreased by 17% during the barcode system implementation. Additionally, reporting of non-medication events increased by 20%. Errors reduced from 37.25 to 21.03 per 100,000 administered medication after the implementation. The researchers also measured adherence to BCMA implementation in nursing. Results showed that adherence was at 70% during implementation, but by post-implementation, adherence was at 94.4%.

The implementation of the BCMA was efficient and reduced medication errors. For instance, nurses could identify the right patient and the right medication, hence eliminating bedside errors. This reduced the medication harm caused to patients. As the medication errors reduced, nurses’ compliance with BCMA also increased. Lessons learned from the article are that the use of technology in the nursing process helps in eliminating medication errors.

By implementing BCMA, nurses follow the principle of the five rights of medication, which include the right patient, right dosage, right routine, right time, and right drug. This is clear because, after implementing BCMA, nurses could administer medication at the right time compared to pre-BCMA implementation. This way, nurses can reduce the harm caused by medication, thus improving the quality of the patient outcome.

Shah, K., Lo, C., Babich, M., Tsao, N. W., & Bansback, N. J. (2016). Bar code medication administration technology: A systematic review of the impact on patient safety when used with computerized prescriber order entry and automated dispensing devices. The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 69(5). https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v69i5.1594

Shah et al. (2016) conducted a systematic review to assess the BCMA impact on medication errors in the medication administration system. Researchers reviewed articles from databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase. Keywords used during the search included bard codes, medication errors, medication system, and hospitals.

Articles that used randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and before and after studies were included. Articles that implemented barcodes outside the hospital were excluded. Of 37 articles, only 5 met the inclusion criteria.

The studies divided errors into near-miss and errors that reach the patients. Researchers found that with BCMA implementation, near-miss errors increased to 90%, which included administration errors. However, there was a 75% reduction in errors reaching the patient.

The use of barcodes increased from 94% to 98%. Findings show that BCMAs were efficient in medication error reduction, hence improving the quality of patient outcomes. However, the major lesson learned is that BCMAs may reduce the harm that reaches the patient.

However, nursing should also be trained in medication dispensing to reduce errors occurring during administration ordering and dispensing. For instance, if nurses do not understand different medicines based on the patient’s age or disease, they will continue making dispensing or ordering errors.

This means that BCMA cannot reduce ordering or dispensing errors but will identify the error right before medication is given to the patient.

Truitt, E., Thompson, R., Blazey-Martin, D., Nisai, D., & Salem, D. (2016). Effect of the implementation of barcode technology and an electronic medication administration record on adverse drug events. Hospital Pharmacy, 51(6), 474-483. https://doi.org/10.1310/hpj5106-474

The research aimed to evaluate the impact of barcode medication administration (BCMA) and electronic medication administration records (e-MAR) on adverse drug events (ADEs). Data on ADEs were taken pre- and post-BCMA and eMAR implementation.

The research was conducted in a 415-bed hospital from 2008 to 2010. A total of 1183 reports were collected throughout the two years and reviewed for accuracy, and a total of 775 reports were analyzed. The number of errors had decreased significantly by 0.20% in ADEs. The number of transcription errors had decreased from 134 to 66, but errors in order writing had increased from 148 to 176.

Researchers also noted that errors occurring in order writing and dispensing did not reach the patient or cause harm. There was no record of ADEs that had caused permanent harm to patients.

The study showed that BCMA and e-MAR technologies reduced medication errors by 20%, from 0.26% to 0.20%. The implementation of BCMA had various efficiencies. BCMA technology alerted the nurses to ensure that medication was given on time.

BCMA implementation encouraged the reporting of more administration errors. Also, even if errors in ordering and transcribing increased, the harm did not get to the patients because the nurses could identify the five rights of medication as they administered medication to patients.

The lesson learned from the article is that BCMA may not reduce medication errors in ordering, transcribing, and dispensing, but it will help nurses identify the right medication, dosage, and patient, ensuring that harm does not reach the patient.

For instance, when the nurse is dispensing medication, he may provide amitriptyline instead of Zoloft. However, the barcode will identify that the patient is supposed to take Zoloft and alarm the error nurse. The article shows that as much as the BCMA can be implemented to reduce medication errors, nurses need to be knowledgeable in using the technology and the right process of ordering medication.

Conclusion for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

The four research articles have similar conclusions; BCMA implementation reduces medication errors. BCMA may not reduce the dispensing or order writing errors because they occur before screening can be conducted.

However, before medication is provided to the patient, any medication errors can be identified by scanning the bar on the medication and the patient’s band. Thus, harm will not reach the patient. Therefore, BCMA is an effective technology that reduces medication errors and ADEs.

References for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

• Barakat, S., & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An evaluation of the impact of barcode patient and medication scanning on nursing workflow at a UK teaching hospital. Pharmacy, 8(3), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030148
• Othman, E. H., & Darawad, M. W. (2020). Nurses’ compliance with barcode medication administration technology. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 38(5), 256- 262. https://doi.org/10.1097/cin.0000000000000591
• Shah, K., Lo, C., Babich, M., Tsao, N. W., & Bansback, N. J. (2016). Bar code medication administration technology: A systematic review of the impact on patient safety when used with computerized prescriber order entry and automated dispensing devices. The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 69(5). https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v69i5.1594
• Truitt, E., Thompson, R., Blazey-Martin, D., Nisai, D., & Salem, D. (2016). Effect of the implementation of barcode technology and an electronic medication administration record on adverse drug events. Hospital Pharmacy, 51(6), 474- 483. https://doi.org/10.1310/hpj5106-474

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment Rubric Detail

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Name: NURS 5051 Module04 Week08 Assignment Rubric

• Excellent
• Good
• Fair
• Poor

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Be sure to address the following:

•  Properly identify 5 peer-reviewed articles selected.
• Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described.

Be specific and provide examples. 77 (77%) – 85 (85%)

• The responses accurately and clearly identify 5 peer-reviewed research articles for the Assignment.
• The responses accurately and thoroughly summarize in detail each study reviewed, explaining in detail the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described.

Specific, accurate, and detailed examples are provided which fully support the responses. 68 (68%) – 76 (76%)

• The responses identify 5 peer-reviewed research articles for the Assignment.
• The responses summarize each study reviewed, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described.

Accurate examples are provided which support the responses provided. 60 (60%) – 67 (67%)

• The responses vaguely or inaccurately identify 5 or less peer-reviewed articles for the Assignment.
• The responses summarize each study reviewed, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described that is vague or inaccurate.

Examples provided to support the responses are vague or inaccurate. 0 (0%) – 59 (59%)

• The responses vaguely and inaccurately identify less than 5 peer-reviewed articles for the Assignment, or are missing.
• The responses vaguely and inaccurately summarize each study reviewed, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described, or are missing.
• Examples provided to support the responses are vague and inaccurate, or are missing.

Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

• Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
• Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
• Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
• Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.

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Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards:

• Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
• Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
• Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
• Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
• Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.

Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

• Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
• Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors. 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
• Contains several (3-4) APA format errors. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
• Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.

Total Points: 100

Name: NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

Learning Resources for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 14, “The Electronic Health Record and Clinical Informatics” (pp. 267–287)
• Chapter 15, “Informatics Tools to Promote Patient Safety and Quality Outcomes” (pp. 293–317)
• Chapter 16, “Patient Engagement and Connected Health” (pp. 323–338)
• Chapter 17, “Using Informatics to Promote Community/Population Health” (pp. 341–355)
• Chapter 18, “Telenursing and Remote Access Telehealth” (pp. 359–388)

Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., Collins, S. …Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: The Promoting Respect and Ongoing Safety Through Patient Engagement Communication and Technology Study. Critical Care Medicine, 45(8), e806–e813. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449

HealthIT.gov. (2018c). What is an electronic health record (EHR)? Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-electronic-health-record-ehr

Rao-Gupta, S., Kruger, D. Leak, L. D., Tieman, L. A., & Manworren, R. C. B. (2018). Leveraging interactive patient care technology to Improve pain management engagement. Pain Management Nursing, 19(3), 212–221. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2017.11.002

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Skiba, D. (2017). Evaluation tools to appraise social media and mobile applications. Informatics, 4(3), 32–40. doi:10.3390/informatics4030032

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Required Media for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Public Health Informatics [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Electronic Records and Managing IT Change [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

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NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment Template

The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

This type of assignment is considered an “Annotated Bibliography”. You should review the sample Annotated Bibliography from the writing center to help you complete this assignment. You do not need a reference page as you will cite each article before discussing it. In this assignment, you will review research studies focused on the application of one type of clinical system of your choosing. Listed below are examples of clinical systems:

• Inpatient Electronic Health Records (EHR)
• Outpatient EHRs
• Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE)
• Specialty Systems:
  • Emergency Department Information System
  • ICU Information System
  • Cardiology Information Systems
  • Operating Room Information System
• Ancillary Information Systems
  • Laboratory Information Systems
  • Pharmacy Information Systems
  • Radiology Information Systems
• Electronic Medication Administration Record (eMAR)
• Bar Code Medication Administration (BCMA) Systems,
• Smart Pumps
• Care Planning Systems
• Messaging Systems
• Alerts and Clinical Decision Support Systems
• Telehealth Systems
• Patient Portals
• Patient Tracking Systems
• Remote Monitoring Systems
• Artificial Intelligence Systems
• Patient Education Systems

After selecting one type of clinical system, you will conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research studies that examined the improvement in outcomes and/or efficiencies. These studies need to report on the results of a research study and appear in a scholarly journal, you should not use studies reported in conference proceedings.

The research studies should provide evidence to support the use of the clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”  For example, if you selected patient portals as the clinical system, you would use the following search terms: patient portals and outcomes. Searching on outcomes usually returns results on efficiencies as well.

 The Assignment: (4-5 pages) – NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research studies you reviewed. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify the 5 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format. The articles should appear in alphabetical order in your paper. After the citation, you would discuss each article.
• For each study, you will briefly summarize the study, explain the improvement to outcomes and/or efficiencies, and discuss lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples. Each study should be discussed in approximately one page.

In summary, you need to select one type of clinical system and find 5 current research articles, published in scholarly journals, that examined outcomes and/or efficiencies related to the clinical system you chose. On the next page is the beginning of the shell of the paper. I purposely chose five articles on CPOE that were not current.

The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment Annotated Bibliography

Fortescue, E. B., Kaushal, R., Landrigan, C. P., McKenna, K. J., Clapp, M. D., Federico, F., Goldmann, D. A. & Bates, D. W. (2003). Prioritizing strategies for preventing medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. Pediatrics, 111(4), 722-729.

In the first paragraph you will summarize the study. Briefly describe the aim of the study, the sample and setting, and the methods.

• In the second paragraph you will identify the outcomes and/or efficiencies examined in the study and explain the results related to improvements in the outcomes and/or efficiencies.
• In the third paragraph, you will discuss lessons learned from the findings of the study and relate the lessons learned to the application of the clinical system.

King, W. J., Paice, N., Rangrej, J., Forestell, G. J., & Swartz, R. (2003). The effect of computerized physician order entry on medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. Pediatrics, 112(3), 506-509.

• In the first paragraph you will summarize the study. Briefly describe the aim of the study, the sample and setting, and the methods.
• In the second paragraph you will identify the outcomes and/or efficiencies examined in the study and explain the results related to improvements in the outcomes and/or efficiencies.
• In the third paragraph, you will discuss lessons learned from the findings of the study and relate the lessons learned to the application of the clinical system.

Potts, A. L., Barr, F. E., Gregory, D. F., Wright, L., & Patel, N. R. (2004). Computerized physician order entry and medication errors in a pediatric critical care unit. Pediatrics, 113(1), 59-63.

• In the first paragraph you will summarize the study. Briefly describe the aim of the study, the sample and setting, and the methods.
• In the second paragraph you will identify the outcomes and/or efficiencies examined in the study and explain the results related to improvements in the outcomes and/or efficiencies.
• In the third paragraph, you will discuss lessons learned from the findings of the study and relate the lessons learned to the application of the clinical system.

Upperman, J. S., Staley, P., Friend, K., Neches, W., Kazimer, D., Benes, J., & Wiener, E. S. (2005). The impact of hospitalwide computerized physician order entry on medical errors in a pediatric hospital. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 40(1), 57-59.

• In the first paragraph you will summarize the study.  Briefly describe the aim of the study, the sample and setting, and the methods.
• In the second paragraph you will identify the outcomes and/or efficiencies examined in the study and explain the results related to improvements in the outcomes and/or efficiencies.
• In the third paragraph, you will discuss lessons learned from the findings of the study and relate the lessons learned to the application of the clinical system.

Walsh, K. E., Landrigan, C. P., Adams, W. G., Vinci, R. J., Chessare, J. B., Cooper, M. R., Hebert, P. M, Schainker, E. G., McLaughlin, T. J., & Bauchner, H. (2008). Effect of computer order entry on prevention of serious medication errors in hospitalized children. Pediatrics, 121(3), e421-e427.

• In the first paragraph you will summarize the study.  Briefly describe the aim of the study, the sample and setting, and the methods.
• In the second paragraph you will identify the outcomes and/or efficiencies examined in the study and explain the results related to improvements in the outcomes and/or efficiencies.
• In the third paragraph, you will discuss lessons learned from the findings of the study and relate the lessons learned to the application of the clinical system. NURS_5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment Conclusion

The conclusion should synthesize the major results of all five research studies, examining and relating the findings of all studies to one another.  Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture.

Module 5: The Nurse Leader and the System Development Life Cycle (Weeks 9-10)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Systems Implementation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

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NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Analyze how inclusion of the nurse in the purchasing of health information technology systems impacts healthcare organizations
• Analyze the impact of nurse inclusion on each step of the systems development life cycle

Due By	Assignment
Week 9, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 9, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 9, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 9, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 9, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion.
Week 10, Days 1-6	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 10, Day 7	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Learning Resources for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 9, “Systems Development Life Cycle: Nursing Informatics and Organizational Decision Making” (pp. 175–187)
• Chapter 12, “Electronic Security” (pp. 229–242)
• Chapter 13, “Workflow and Beyond Meaningful Use” (pp. 245–261)

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.a). Health IT evaluation toolkit and evaluation measures quick reference guide. Retrieved September 27, 2018, from

https://healthit.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/evaluation-resources/health-it-evaluation-toolkit-and-evaluation-measures-quick-reference

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.b). Workflow assessment for health IT toolkit. Retrieved September 27, 2018, from https://healthit.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/evaluation-resources/workflow-assessment-health-it-toolkit

Required Media NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

Louis, I. (2011, August 17). Systems development life cycle (SDLC) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtpyjPrpyX8

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Interoperability, Standards, and Security [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Accessible player  –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Managing Health Information Technology [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

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Discussion: The Inclusion of Nurses in the Systems Development Life Cycle

In the media introduction to this module, it was suggested that you as a nurse have an important role in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

With a focus on patient care and outcomes, nurses may not always see themselves as contributors to the development of new systems. However, as you may have observed in your own experience, exclusion of nurse contributions when implementing systems can have dire consequences.

In this Discussion, you will consider the role you might play in systems development and the ramifications of not being an active participant in systems development.

To Prepare:

• Review the steps of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) as presented in the Resources.
• Reflect on your own healthcare organization and consider any steps your healthcare organization goes through when purchasing and implementing a new health information technology system.
• Consider what a nurse might contribute to decisions made at each stage of the SDLC when planning for new health information technology.

By Day 3 of Week 9

Post a description of what you believe to be the consequences of a healthcare organization not involving nurses in each stage of the SDLC when purchasing and implementing a new health information technology system. Provide specific examples of potential issues at each stage of the SDLC and explain how the inclusion of nurses may help address these issues.

Then, explain whether you had any input in the selection and planning of new health information technology systems in your nursing practice or healthcare organization and explain potential impacts of being included or not in the decision-making process. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 9

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days, by offering additional thoughts regarding the examples shared, SDLC-related issues, and ideas on how the inclusion of nurses might have impacted the example described by your colleagues.

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

• Week 9 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 9

To participate in this Discussion:

• Week 9 Discussion

Portfolio Assignment: The Role of the Nurse Informaticist in Systems Development and Implementation

Assume you are a nurse manager on a unit where a new nursing documentation system is to be implemented. You want to ensure that the system will be usable and acceptable for the nurses impacted. You realize a nurse leader must be on the implementation team.

To Prepare:

• Review the steps of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and reflect on the scenario presented.
• Consider the benefits and challenges associated with involving a nurse leader on an implementation team for health information technology.

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The Assignment: (2-3 pages not including the title and reference page)

In preparation of filling this role, develop a 2- to 3-page role description for a graduate-level nurse to guide his/her participation on the implementation team. The role description should be based on the SDLC stages and tasks and should clearly define how this individual will participate in and impact each of the following steps:

• Planning and requirements definition
• Analysis
• Design of the new system
• Implementation
• Post-implementation support
• Use APA format and include a title page and reference page.
• Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

By Day 7 of Week 10

Submit your completed Role Description.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 10 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 10 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

• Week 10 Assignment Rubric
• Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

• Submit your Week 10 Assignment draft and review the originality report.
• Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 10

To participate in this Assignment:

• Week 10 Assignment
• Next Module

To go to the next module:

Module 6

Module 6: Policy and Regulation Supporting Informatics and Technology Integration (Week 11)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Policy and Regulation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

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Learning Objectives

Students will: 

• Evaluate legislative policies and regulations for health and nursing informatics
• Create fact sheets for health and nursing informatics
• Analyze impact of legislative policies and regulations for clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflows
• Evaluate healthcare organizational policies and procedures to address legislative policies and regulations

Due By	Assignment
Week 11, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 11, Days 3-4	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 11, Day 5	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Learning Resources

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 8, “Legislative Aspects of Nursing Informatics: HITECH and HIPAA” (pp. 145–166)

American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2018). MACRA/MIPS: The transition from fee-for-service to quality-based reimbursement. Retrieved from https://www.aanp.org/legislation-regulation/federal-legislation/macra-s-quality-payment-program

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (n.d.). MACRA. Retrieved January 18, 2019, from https://www.cms.gov/medicare/quality-initiatives-patient-assessment-instruments/value-based-programs/macra-mips-and-apms/macra-mips-and-apms.html

HealthIT.gov. (2018a). Health IT legislation. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/topic/laws-regulation-and-policy/health-it-legislation

HealthIT.gov. (2018b). Meaningful use and MACRA. Retrieved from

https://www.healthit.gov/topic/meaningful-use-and-macra/meaningful-use-and-macra

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Laws & Regulations. Retrieved September 27, 2018, from https://www.hhs.gov/regulations/index.html

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Health Informatics & Population Health Analytics: Privacy, Security, and Ethics [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Accessible player  –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Assignment: Policy/Regulation Fact Sheet

As a professional nurse, you are expected to apply your expertise to patient care. On occasion, you will also be expected to share that expertise.

With evolving technology and continuous changes to regulations designed to keep up these changes, there is usually a need to share information and expertise to inform colleagues, leadership, patients, and other stakeholders.

In this Assignment, you will study a recent nursing informatics-related healthcare policy, and you will share the relevant details via a fact sheet designed to inform and educate.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources on healthcare policy and regulatory/legislative topics related to health and nursing informatics.
• Consider the role of the nurse informaticist in relation to a healthcare organization’s compliance with various policies and regulations, such as the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA).
• Research and select one health or nursing informatics policy (within the past 5 years) or regulation for further study.

The Assignment: (1 page not including the title and reference page)

Create a 1-page fact sheet that your healthcare organization could hypothetically use to explain the health or nursing informatics policy/regulation you selected. Your fact sheet should address the following:

• Briefly and generally explain the policy or regulation you selected.
• Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on system implementation.
• Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow.
• Highlight organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at your healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation you selected. Be specific.
• Use APA format and include a title page, in-text citations, and reference page.
• Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

By Day 5 of Week 11

Submit your completed Policy/Regulation Fact Sheet.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK11Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 11 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 11 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK11Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

• Week 11 Assignment Rubric
• Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

• Submit your Week 11 Assignment draft and review the originality report.
• Submit Your Assignment by Day 5 of Week 11

To participate in this Assignment:

Week 11 Assignment

Congratulations! After you have finished all of the assignments for this Module, you have completed the course. Please submit your Course Evaluation by Day 7.