Choose a sexually transmitted disease (STD) or a disorder associated with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Provide an overview of the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder as well as the available pharmacologic treatment options available. Find 2 peer-reviewed articles from the literature that evaluate the treatment of this disorder and discuss the recommendations in available guidelines. Include the name of the disorder in the subject line so that the disorder can be followed. Include references using APA format.
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by the inflammation of the mucous membranes in the genital area. The disease is caused by a bacteria known as Neisseria gonorrhea (Unemo et al., 2019). The bacteria is sexually transmitted. Also, the infected mothers can transmit the disease to the newborns and cause an eye disease known as ophthalmia neonatorum. The bacteria invade the epithelium in the lower and upper urinary tract and cause an inflammatory response. The initial phase of infection is characterized by attacment6 to the microvilli in the epithelial cells and then replication in the vacuoles. Gonorrhea is treated using ceftriaxone injection. The treatment plan and dosage tend to vary depending on whether the infection is complicated or not. Complicated cases require thorough treatment interventions.
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Studies have confirmed the effectiveness of ceftriaxone in the management of gonorrhea. The study by Cole et al. (2019) indicates that ceftriaxone injection is a better option for treating gonorrhea compared to gentamycin. Ceftriaxone has better efficacy and tolerability and this means that it produces the most beneficial outcomes in patients. Similarly, the study by Ross et al. (2019) emphasizes the effectiveness of the ceftriaxone medication in treating gonorrhea. On the other hand, instances of resistance are emerging due to the misuse of antibiotics. Caution should be taken to use the antibiotics only when required to promote the efficacy of the first-line treatment. Based on the studies, the first treatment options for gonorrhea should include azithromycin or ceftriaxone. The ceftriaxone injection should be given 1 gram OD for five days; though, this may be adjusted depending on the patient’s needs. Alternatively, the guideline recommends an administration of azithromycin 500mg OD for three days.
References
Cole, M. J., Tan, W., Fifer, H., Brittain, C., Duley, L., Hepburn, T., Lawrence, T., Montgomery, A. A., Sprange, K., Thandi, S., Churchward, C., Tripodo, F., Woodford, N., & Ross, J. D. (2019). Gentamicin, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone in the treatment of gonorrhea: The relationship between antibiotic MIC and clinical outcome. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz436
Ross, J. D., Brittain, C., Cole, M., Dewsnap, C., Harding, J., Hepburn, T., Jackson, L., Keogh, M., Lawrence, T., Montgomery, A. A., Roberts, T. E., Sprange, K., Tan, W., Thandi, S., White, J., Wilson, J., & Duley, L. (2019). Gentamicin compared with ceftriaxone for the treatment of gonorrhea (G-tog): A randomized non-inferiority trial. The Lancet, 393(10190), 2511-2520. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32817-4
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Choose a sexually transmitted disease (STD) or a disorder associated with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Provide an overview of the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder as well as the available pharmacologic treatment options available. Find 2 peer-reviewed articles from the literature that evaluate the treatment of this disorder and discuss the recommendations in available guidelines. Include the name of the disorder in the subject line so that the disorder can be followed. Include references using APA format.
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Unemo, M., Seifert, H. S., Hook, E. W., Hawkes, S., Ndowa, F., & Dillon, J. R. (2019). Gonorrhea. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0128-6
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Choose a sexually transmitted disease (STD) or a disorder associated with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Provide an overview of the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder as well as the available pharmacologic treatment options available. Find 2 peer-reviewed articles from the literature that evaluate the treatment of this disorder and discuss the recommendations in available guidelines. Include the name of the disorder in the subject line so that the disorder can be followed. Include references using APA format.